Which of the following parameter-passing methods should be used to implement a non-strict function (only one answer, please)

1. call by value
2. call by value-result
3. call by name
4. call by reference

For each of the following parameter passing methods, say whether the actual parameter can be a generic expression or must be a variable

1. call by value     can be a generic expression
2. call by value-result     must be a variable
3. call by name     can be a generic expression

Consider the following procedure and fragment of code in C++ like. Assume that z is a global variable.

   void p(int ... x, int ... y){ x = x+1; y = y+1; }
   ...
   z = 1;
   p(z,z);
   cout << z;
   ...

1. call by value     1
2. call by value-result     2
3. call by reference     3

The activation record associated to a function call contains storage for: (only one answer, please)

1. the source code of the function
2. the local variables of the function
3. the local variables of the caller
4. the dynamic (aka user-defined) variables created during the execution of the function call